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10:36this is something that we talk about a lot on this podcast and is a staple for the biomedical research community, which is model organisms, right? You have to choose the organism that you want to that you want to study as a system and you have to make that choice very deliberately for very specific reasons. Mendel is one of the first guys to do this. He chose peas because the bar one, the garden pee is actually pretty easy to grow. >> Mhm. You don't have to worry about it too much. Y it's has easily observable contrasting traits. These are the traits that he was studying. For example, is the P round or wrinkled? That's a binary. You can look at the thing and
11:17there's no middle ground. It's either round or it's wrinkled, right? Um when you cut up the P, is it yellow or green inside? >> The flower, is it white or is it purple? Like these are all binary things that there's no you know when you when you're trying to do statistical analysis by hand, right? You don't you don't have like computer vision nonsense, right? And you you just got a notebook. You're you're you're just making tally marks. So you need really easily identifiable traits that are in binary. The pea plant has seven of these, which is really nice. Okay. Okay. So the the idea of what you're saying is you want to have the fewest amount of variables to sort of control for uh one from at least in this time period from a management it's
11:58like a management challenge. >> Uh but two there there's less to deal with in terms of judging outcomes. >> Yes. Exactly. There's no like um subjectivity >> in what the offspring of this and this was. Right. You can just be like, "Okay, I I bred round and wrinkled and I got this many wrinkled, this many round, and I can just make the tally marks, right?" Um, the other big thing about pea plants is they self-fertilize. So, that means that Mendel can really easily control crosses by you can manually just transfer pollen. You can like take like a Q-tip or I I I think he used a paintbrush at the time. He would take the pollen from one paintbrush and and put it in the stigma of the other one to
12:39like crossbreed manually. And I think we've got a we've got a photo of that in the next photo, photo five. Um,