The Homestake experiment detected fewer solar neutrinos than calculations predicted. The discussion explains the shortfall through neutrinos changing flavor on their journey from the Sun, while the detector was sensitive to only part of that flux.
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32:41go down in the maze. 1968 detection of solar neutrinos. >> Yes. So um this was physical chemist Raymond Davis Jr. He detected solar neutrinos at the Homestake Gold Mine Experiment in South Dakota for Brook Haven National Lab. They they got a mine in South Dakota and they filled it with a giant physics experiment to look at the sun and look at the nutrinos from the sun because the proton proton chain which was devised by Hans Beta way back then for how the sun shined that mean that showed that not only should the sun be creating photons the light that we see but also nutrinos. John Beall at um
33:21Princeton University, he was calculating the number of protons that were coming through and Raymond Davis at the home state gold mine experiment and there you see a photo of both John McCll and Raymond Davis. He was he was catching only a third of these nutrinos and for the longest time it was like who's wrong? Is the experiment wrong? Is John McCall wrong? In his calculations everyone checked both. They're both all right. Turns out this was the discovery that nutrinos come in three flavors and they change flavor on the way from the sun to the earth and that's why I'm only catching a third because I was only sensitive to a third of the nutrinos. Um on top of that so he won the 1995 Nobel Prize in 2002. Um so Davis won the 2002
34:04Nobel Prize I should say and in 1956 Frederick Ry won the Nobel Prize for the discovery of the nutrino itself that was at UC Irvine. This is uh what laid the foundations for the ice cube nutrino detector in Antarctica, which we've also covered in a previous episode because we need to know all three flavors. It's a Neapolitan ice cream of nutrinos.