Glutamate vs serotonin — the currency analogy

31:06glutamate Yes. >> What I'm saying is like glutamate and another one which is GABA, that's the inhibition. Glutamate and GABA are like your cash. What I mean by that is like it's like I shouldn't say cash. I should really say they're the dollars. Okay. You know what I mean? Like if you want to if you want to transact value between one person to another, what do we normally use? We use dollars. Or if you're in another country, you use whatever denomination is the fiat currency. >> Yeah. Okay. So, it's okay. Got it. >> But there are other ways to transfer value. I can give you a house. I can give you land. I can give you Bitcoin. Those are your serotonin, your dopamine, your acetylcholine, things like that. Right? But you can't build an economy

31:47off of those assets. I I I would say yes. >> need a fiat currency that is super liquid. And I mean, there's people who are going to say Bitcoin is But look. We are where we are today. It wasn't invented in the whatever centuries ago. >> make sense? It's like glutamate and GABA are your dollars. >> Yes. Yep. Yep. Yes. >> so, the fact that ketamine is tied to AMPA receptors Yes. which are receptive to glutamate Yes. shows just how like nitty-gritty it's getting into. And perhaps that is a clue as to why it's so fast. Right? >> Because it's it's not waiting for the Bitcoin network to settle. >> Yeah. Yeah. You don't You don't need to produce dopamine. Right. It's just Yeah.

32:28>> Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. That That's That's very And So, this is very early, but I think it's very very cool. And it's only going to get cooler and cooler. And I think another piece of this that is that is interesting is being able to, you know, have I mean obviously a there are a variety of these new studies now that are trying to look at you know, substances that have historically been viewed as just purely detrimental to the human condition and having no positive Mhm. upside uh primarily cuz they were viewed for as recreational purely. Mhm. Uh but there is a clinical Uh a potentially clinical application >> Yeah. here that again when you actually understand the structures and

33:09fundamentals of what is happening we're kind of now starting to see why is it that ketamine can possibly has this positive effect on treatment-resistant depression. Yeah. Because the way in which it interacts with our brain is fundamentally different >> Mhm. than I can't remember what the terminology is for the kind of existing set of >> antidepressants. There's another like um there's another technical name for it. It's escaping me right now. >> I don't know. But, you know, all the Klonopin and all the stuff that people talk about in TV shows and things like that which there's been a lot of both there's been a lot of kind of pushback on what are the while it might treat the dopamine or the serotonin piece, it has

33:49a lot of these other potentially negative consequences for people. So, maybe there's a new path here. Super super fascinating story. Um And we'll see where it goes. Early like you said. >> but very cool. >> we need to be able to research a variety of different areas and explore all opportunities in a controlled and safe environments. So, we love to see that. Our last story of the day is our paleontology and ancient life story about life rebounding shockingly fast