Story 2 begins — a pathogen-agnostic vaccine out of Stanford

1:28:31the influenza virus, right? Because every year the vaccine the the HA head, that protein, looks a tiny bit different every time. And so, we have to have the new vaccine in order to prime our body. So, it's just as a brief analogy, right? That these these viruses you could almost imagine they they're they have they're the lock side of the analogy and they're constantly changing the the configuration of the lock. Yeah. Right? Um and our immune system is trying to create a key Yeah. to turn it to to make it to to defeat it. Mhm. But because it's constantly having the locksmith come and change the lock very very quickly, it takes us a long time to

1:29:11print a new key and we put it in it doesn't work. Let's go back. And so, like that delta between the how quickly the locks on the doors are changing versus how quickly we are generating new keys to try to unlock the door, like that the delta between those two is part of like if if the rate of lock change is slow enough, we'd be fine. >> We'd be fine. But when the rate of the lock change gets too quick, that's when we get having the need to do this on a yearly >> Exactly. Exactly. >> Exactly. Yeah, exactly. That's exactly right. And so, that's the antigenic drift, right? Now, instead, what if we think about like there's actually other types of drift, right? There's something called genetic

1:29:52reassortment and this actually happens with the avian and human flu swap. This actually happens when a human being gets avian flu and the human flu and then within our body