Innate vs adaptive immunity — the key distinction

1:34:03information. >> No stovepipes, right? Yes, we can't have stovepipes. >> needs to talk to everyone and share intelligence. That's so hot. That's ultimately what's happening. Okay? So now let's get into the paper, right? How does this vaccine actually work? It's an intranasal vaccine. It's So it's a spray Yes. that you put into your nose. Yes. >> The payload is the following. You've got ovalbumin. This is OVA. This is a model antigen that's encapsulated in This is a antigen that actually just comes out of egg whites. Okay. >> Okay? So it has nothing to do to do with humans. It's kind of just there to prime the immune system. To be like, that's weird. I don't know what that is. Okay? Okay. Um and it's encapsulated inside a

1:34:45liposome, which is just like a little flat fat globule. Mhm. And inside that liposome is a multi-front threat. You've got GLA, which is something that mimics bacterial cell walls. So this is going to go after something like a toll-like receptor, TLR4. Um it triggers inflammation from antiviral and bacterial immune systems. And finally, it also has this 3M-052 LS, which is effectively like it's a molecule that targets other toll-like receptors. Toll-like receptors are like these things that are on These are receptors that are on immune systems

1:35:25>> Mhm. that detect viral DNA or like other types of DNA and actually trigger immune response. >> It's like our radar systems or any of our our our our signals intelligence systems to to figure out if someone shoots a hypersonic missile, we have all these satellites that will like know, oh, the heat over here changed to a such a degree that there's some There's a threat over here. Yeah. >> It's like identifying, listening to identify when there is a threat incoming. >> Yeah, yeah. And Yes, exactly. And and what's crucial about it is these two things, they're actually synthetic adjuvants, okay? Adjuvants are little helpers that help the immune system, but

1:36:06aren't actually the antigen that the immune system is trying to target. It's sort of just priming the immune system to be on alert in some sense, okay? Now, let's see if this actually works. And to be honest, even the lead author was like, "I'm surprised that this works."