What still needs to be solved

1:37:06>> significantly better. >> Yeah. in an order or orders of magnitude from what you would otherwise be doing with the current conventional options. >> Exactly. Yeah. I mean, I I think it's an incredibly exciting time for electronics at the cutting edge. Yeah. Right. Because all we're we're starting to see that things like GPUs and things that are capable of doing matrix multiplication and things like that are going to become increasingly important, perhaps even more important than traditional van architectures. Um, we've still got a long way to go. So, I do want to temper the brakes here. Um, and not dream too much because memory alone does not make a complete computer. You

1:37:47need high temperature logic circuits that also need to be developed and integrated alongside whatever chip that you're trying to put in. And current devices are built by hand submicron scale in the lab. The this is from their paper in the supplement. >> That length bar there says five micrometers. Okay. So that's that's like um a thousand times bigger than the chips that we have like the transistors that we have in our in our chips in my computer for example. So we got to make this thing smaller while still retaining the memorist characteristics the graphine that's going to be a problem right um scale up is going to take time

1:38:29on the manufacturing side. Two of the three devices, two of the three materials in this device, namely the tungsten and the halfneium oxide, those are already standard, right, in semiconductor manufacturing, right? Making the graphine smaller, that's going to be kind of tough, right? It's newer to the industry. But actually TSMC and Samsung both have that in their development road maps. If you go look, you know, they have like the shareholder like pitch decks for like we're still innovating guys, you know. Uh so they have graphine in their road map and it's already grown at wafer scale in research settings. We need to make it industrial if we want to

1:39:09have this thing grow. I mean the startup that um these USC scientists tetramm co-founded by Joshua Yang and Shia I mean it's already like doing things. So it we're we're we're heading for a new era in computation in a era where computation is becoming the bread and butter for our society more than ever more so than ever. I mean we used to think right ever since the advent of the '9s and the advent of the personal computer that computation would be big. Now it's like cloud computing and these large scale computing. >> Yes. >> Large scale computing is now taking precedence over personal small scale computing. Right. So, we're enter we're

1:39:50entering into a new era of computation. We've lived through one in the '90s and now this is a new one. >> As if uh as it relates to TSMC, it's interesting that both TSMC and Samsung are already working on you know, you know, integrating graphine into their industrial process. As if we needed another reason to for Taiwan to be a geopolitical, >> you know, uh matchbox. um particularly given the stakes of the perceived and real uh benefits of the race as it