Shared driver genes and comparative oncology

30:59going to show up in human Right. cancers. So, already we're getting a lot of these very familiar genetic motifs in both the human case and the cat case. Uh when it comes to carcinoma, one of the clearest parallels was this other gene called FBXW7. It was altered in more than 50% of the tumors that were studied in the cat. And again, that's another gene that's very, very prevalent in human beings. So, if we can really like start understanding how these cats get these mutations, what are the carcinogenic sort of drivers of those kinds of mutations, then you can do something

31:40called comparative oncology where if the cats and the humans get similar tumors, then perhaps the treatment and the biological insight can flow in both directions. We can use the human treatment to inform on how to treat a cat, and we can use the cat genomics to inform on the fundamentals of the human cancer. So, I thought it was a very cool study. I think one of the things that from this story that that immediately clicked in my head when I when we put in the show notes was this idea what that when we use, you know, we we use animal models for research, you know, for a whole host of things. Um but this idea for for cancer

32:23specifically that uh we basically induce, we artificially create cancer in in the mice and rats and all the the rodents we do in the lab. And it's a very simple idea. Domesticated cats live in the same environment as their human and so their natural cancer is from from an environmental inducement perspective is very closely mapped to our lived experience and it makes very logical sense that um you know, this is the whole nature nurture thing that the the environment does you know, create a better platform >> Yeah. for study in terms of being able to take cuz we've talked about with ALS

33:04I think it was story where you talked about in animal models it doesn't translate. >> Yeah. And so Alzheimer's animal models it doesn't translate. Consciousness it doesn't translate. And and so at least in a small micro in a small portion >> Mhm. uh as it relates to naturally occurring cancers and oncology studies that that overlap to improving animal models made total sense. That's cool to see in an actual study here. Yeah, I thought that was very cool. That was great. We're going to move on to our fourth story before we wrap up with Project Hail Mary which is this headline in Rou- Reuters and TechCrunch a major hacking tool has leaked online putting millions of iPhones at risk and here's

33:45what you need to know. So uh we both have iPhones. Yes. Uh I would like my iPhone not to be at risk. >> Yes. Yeah, me too. And you know, spyware we've grown up in the generation where we've seen Facebook hacks and you know, we've seen the rise of information warfare across nation states for a whole variety of geopolitical advantages. And so what this story is about is