Follow-up windows & December 19th note

4:11momentum. Makes >> sense. >> Um, so that's actually why we discovered this thing and one of the reasons why it's sort of taking a tour of the planetary systems, right? It's kind of by design that Atlas finds objects that are along this plane, >> right? So it begs the question, there might be other objects that are not in the plane that we're not really sensitive to, but perhaps with the new Vera Rubin telescopes and things like that, we will be. >> But in any case, that's how it got its name right? >> It's inbound. Um, it's got an extremely hyperbolic orbit. So an eccentricity of pro approximately 6.2. Um, the Earth is

4:52basically at a one. It looks like a circle, right? But this thing is extremely hyperbolic. You can see that it's going so fast, 58 km/s, that it barely even changes its orbit >> as it >> as it passes the sun. Right. Right. >> Unlike the uh you know the Wicked um movie, there's that one of my favorite songs is like uh like a comet pulled from orbit as it passes the sun. This is not doing that. [laughter] >> Yeah, it is not changed in any in any real sense for the better or the worse. Um, but it 58 km/s, right? That's an that's a velocity that's three times higher than what's expected for a usual

5:34star encounter. >> So, this thing is moving extremely extremely quickly. >> Yeah. Yeah. And it begs the question like what even gave it its speed? >> How did it reach that? >> Yeah. How does how does something move that fast through the solar system? And the orientation is it's also retrograde. The other weird thing is, you know, in the Milky Way, the sun is moving around the Milky Way, right? >> Yeah. >> And the plane of the planets is about perpendicular >> to the motion. So our the we're our entire sort of solar systems moving through the Milky Way galaxy like let's say on the X ais, but then the orbit of

6:15the planets in that context while we're doing that is on the Yaxis is in the Y direction. And so and so when when 3II Atlas when we say that it's taking a tour of the solar system, what it's really doing is it's like going piercing through the Milky Way >> in some sense, right? It's not moving. I mean, obviously it has some >> direction along the Milky Way's rotation as well, but it's going through the plate of the Milky Way as well. That's why it's going through all the planets in the plane of our ecliptic, >> which which is which is sort of a cosmic uh the cosmic serendipity there is is is >> it's kind of a mystery where it came

6:56from and things like that and we're going to get into some of that later. So, um there's been some milestones that have happened since the last time we talked. >> Um it flew by Mars on October 3rd, 2025. That was when it got the as close as it possibly could. And that was a really cool way of providing a local observation, right? Because we have the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter around Mars. The ESA, the European Space Agency has a bunch of stuff around there. And it's about 28 million km away from these guys. So, you can get some at least some close-ups. You know, it's still far away but >> 28 million km. >> Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. It's still It's like It's close enough, right?

7:36>> Yep. Um, and then on October 30th, 29th, it had its closest approach to the sun, which was a which was at a distance of 1.36 astronomical units. One astronomical unit is the orbit of the Earth. So, it didn't even get closer than Earth is to the Sun. Got it. >> Okay. Um, a lot of comets, you know, the the really bright ones get within Earth's orbit. Sometimes even like as close as Mercury, right? As close as like between Venus and Mercury. And those are the ones that glow and you can see with your naked eye. Um, this one, not so much, right? It it it wasn't that it wasn't that close. And then finally, in December 19th, it's going to be well

8:17outside the Earth's orbit, but that's when it's actually going to be the closest to Earth. It's going to be 80% of the distance between Earth and the Sun, but it's going to be in the other side. Yep. >> Right. So, the sun will be in front of us, the comet will be kind of behind us. >> Um, that's when it's going to get closer. >> Okay. So, I told you that it's it's got a really weird orbit, right? It's it's coming through really fast and it's going along the plane of the planets. Um, it's unclear whether it's coming from a part of our Milky Way called the thin disc, which is really what you see when you look out in the night sky and you see the Milky Way or from the thick disc. Because if you trace back, the yellow trajectory here shows where the

8:59the comet is and the red trajectory is where we are. where the sun is and it's sort of like playing tag and go with our sun because it's >> about the same distance away from the center of the Milky Way as we are. And so it's going to be kind of sharing our orbit the same way that you know um you can imagine the Trojan asteroids outside of um Jupiter. They share the same orbit with Jupiter and they move around with Jupiter. The James Web telescope is orbiting the sun with the Earth, right? because it's it's feeling the same gravitational pull from the sun that the earth is and the moon is. >> Um so >> the question is where where did it come from? >> The the idea is as we are traveling

9:39through the Milky Way, we're going on a particular orbit and the the way that Atlas moves through the Milky Way is in that similar similar circular orbit in in the radius of that orbit is almost identical. >> It's almost identical, right? I mean, hence it's right here. And the Milky Way is just has a gravitational potential because of all the stars and gas in it. Y >> and the sun is feeling the same gravitational potential that the the comet is. >> Y >> um and because of Newton's law of gravitation, the acceleration that we feel is independent of our mass. So even though um the comet 3A atlas is really

10:20really small compared to the sun, all objects fall at the same rate >> according to Galileo, right? So >> it doesn't like in terms of the orbit, it's not really going to matter if it's the sun or a star, right? >> Yep. That's a that's a good >> that's the that's the point. That's why the um James Webb telescope is moving around the sun the same way that we are, >> right? Even though it's obviously smaller than than the Earth, right? Um, so the first paper that tried to answer this was from Oxford in the Astrophysical Journal letters. This was in July and they said that it's from the thick disc. The thick disc is the part of the Milky Way that's just above all of the stars and the real gas.

11:02So the stuff that we see in the night sky when we look up, there's a that's the thin disc. The thick disc is the part that's right above or below. That's an old population of stars. We know that because we can look at the spectral signatures of the stars that are above there. And um you know there are these very red um longlasting stars with um lots of metal which means they've been doing fusion for a while. Um actually um it depends actually but depends on whether it's high metal or low metal. High metal could also mean that you're you've you're the second or third generation of stars that that are coming from the the ashes of the older stars that have made the metal. And then low metalicity could mean that okay, you

11:43just have hydrogen and helium. So like it's like from the big bang, you got [laughter] nothing else, you know? But so there there's ways of quantifying it, but in any case, they've quantified that a lot of these stars are between 7 to 14 billion years old. Right. So it's it's much older than the sun, which is about five billion years old. Right. Right. So that that was the first one. Then there's some new work that came out in September. Um this is not in a journal but it's it's on the archive and it was from the Tenneref Observatory. A bunch of um people there in Spain. They were trying to trace back the object's origins in a similar way. And they showed that they they used this

12:26um Python package called Milky Way potential 2022 which basically what what it can do is it can take your object and then run back the clock >> Mhm. >> for however long that you want given the Milky Way potential. And what they found was that if you integrate over the millions of stars in that database and you go back >> at least in the last 10 million years, there's no close encounter that's going to cause this giant velocity. >> Okay. If you if you go through all of the and those are the stars that the the that it had close encounters with. >> Yep. >> And none of them were close enough to

13:06really add any velocity to this thing. The the point being threeey atlas had to get its acceleration from an encounter with some celestial object at some point in its history. Yeah. And from >> but it can't be the recent history. >> But it can't be the recent history. Okay. And then when we look in this uh uh Milky Way potential 2022 >> and trace back the journey that it had made and the stars that it would have passed, these celestial objects would have passed on the way. None of those are of sufficient mass and size. >> Yeah. And and it wasn't close enough >> enough to generate the acceleration that we're seeing. That's what the paper's trying to say. >> That's what the paper is trying to say,

13:47right? So then they say, okay, what we can do is we can really just run back the clock, right? And we can say, okay, if it's not in our recent history, let's just treat the Milky Way as this like potential landscape and ask how far does it deviate away from the thin disc, right? Because what it could do, what the original paper was saying was that you know because it's got such a high velocity perpendicular to the disc, it must be coming from up there. >> Yeah. >> Right. But the potential landscape is such that when it goes above the disc, the disc is going to start pulling back. And so there's going to be some oscillation >> through the disc, right? It's going to go up >> and then it's going to come back down

14:27and it's going to go down. Then it's going to get pulled back up again, right? So how big is that amplitude, >> right, >> of that oscillation? basically how how high how far above and below the thin disc. Yes. Is it is it sort of >> is it going right? Is it going all the way to the thick disc? Because we also have um velocity profiles of the stars that are up there. There's some typical >> trajectories that those guys take and there's some typical trajectories that the that the thin disc takes. >> Which one does this thing belong to? Got it. >> Right. And so that's what they did. And what they think is happening is that it stayed basically within the thin thin disc and they're ruling out the fact that it could be in that upper thick

15:08disc. >> Okay. >> They found where >> the velocity profile of this comet is compared to the stars in these two regions and it's more aligned with the thin disc. >> Interesting. >> Right. So this is kind of a clapback from to the Oxford paper >> which was that original one. >> Which was that original one. So, we're going to have to see if if Oxford comes back and says, "Nah, >> this this is good because when we [laughter] when we first covered this, the Oxford paper was the only one >> was the only one." And everyone was like, "Okay, that's got to be it." But the process of science is extremely dynamic. You know, there's a bunch of researchers vying for the spotlight, >> right? >> So, you know, someone's going to someone's going to say this, the other person's going to say that. Um, >> this is very good. So, so we now we now

15:50are in a position in terms of the locationational origin of thei atlas which initially was believed to be coming from above where we are on the thin disc in in the thick disc but it there's at least now a rebuttal. >> Yes. >> There's at least now a rebuttal to that that can explain away the thick disc origin hypothesis. >> Yeah. Yeah. Exactly. And now it calls into question um whether it is as old as they say they are because it used to be we were really excited right this is going to be the oldest thing in the solar system. It's going to be older than 7 billion years old because all of the the stars that are up there are super old and if it came from there then it's got to be super old too now. Well, if it's just one of these thin disc

16:31populations that just got bumped maybe a bunch a long long time ago, right? >> It's no longer maybe that old, right? Maybe it is it is quite contemporary. So there there's a bunch of you know >> very cool science that is still happening trying to figure this out >> trying to trace back its location origin location. >> Yeah. So so that's that's the that's the origin story. It's still in question. >> Yes. >> Now let's talk about what it actually is >> and why it is so interesting. It is quite a bizarre comet. >> Okay. If we're completely honest, there's a typical comet that we see in our solar system and this is a pretty bizarre one. It's not unprecedented. We have seen comets that do the weird

17:13things that this thing is doing, but it's been like one or two. Okay. So, it's it's rare, but it's not like totally >> unprecedented. >> Unprecedented. Okay. Um, >> so it's got a nucleus. The radius is about anywhere between 222 km to 2.8 km. That's how we constrained it. Um, there's a lot of activity on this thing. Hyperpt. It's called a hyperactive comet. Okay. There's as the comet gets closer and closer to the sun, the the solar radiation and the photons from the sun start creating chemical reactions and physical reactions on the comet surface and that's going to just make it glow and do all of the cool things that

17:54it does. And a lot of the weird stuff that it does has it's been implied that you know maybe there's something weird going on if there's a techno signature blah blah blah. Um, a lot of this actually came from Avi Loe at Harvard. But then, um, in September of or sorry, October of this year, he came out with this model, which is a physical model for the ice of three Atlas >> with, um, >> Avi Lobo and one of his collaborators, um, Eric Kito. >> And this one is trying to suggest how the physics of a comet could produce all of the weird stuff that we're seeing. just normal comet, maybe not a normal comet, but kind of a weird comet, but

18:34just ordinary physics, stuff that we know. Okay, one of the things that it tries to explain is something called the anti-ale. This was very weird, right? There was a if you can see over there, this is from the Hubble Space Telescope. On the right is where the sun is and there's some projection. And there's like a jet from the comet coming out towards the sun, >> which which is which is counterintuitive because the idea would be if the comet is traveling at high velocity towards the sun, you would imagine the quote unquote jet would be pointing in the opposite >> opposite direction. And there is one. Yeah. And there is one. There is an anti-tail. And because of the way that we're looking, right, it's coming at us.

19:15So the anti-tail is kind of behind the comet and the sunfacing one is towards us. So because of our vantage point, it looks like the sunfacing emission is that much brighter. But that's not actually true. But in any case, there is a sunfacing emission, right? Okay. >> And then when it >> went past perihelion, so it went past the sun on the other side. Now there's no anti- sunail. >> Sorry. Now there's no towards the suntale. There's only the anti-tail. Okay? So it disappeared. This is from the very large array sorry the very large telescope the VT in Chile. >> So the nucleus has been has done this thing where it had jets pointing in both directions and then on the other side of

19:55the sun it no longer has that. >> So what's going on the model that um Kito and Lo proposed is the following. Okay. So when >> when the comet is coming towards the sun >> Mhm. >> there's going to be something called sublimation. And sublimation is what what happens with dry ice where you go directly from a solid form to a gas form. There's no in between of liquid because the temperature the the energy is enough to cause these the CO2 molecule to just free itself from the from the gas not transition through that liquid phase. Now, when it's happening and it's coming towards us, that sublimation is actually going to cause

20:36chunks of CO2 to sort of shoot out from the comet. Okay? And if you're far enough away, those chunks of CO2 are going to shoot out, but they're going to follow with the comet because of the same thing that I said earlier, right? They're falling towards the sun the same way the comet is. Even though the comet is this giant mountain of stuff and let's say a chunk of CO2 is, you know, centimeters to meters to maybe tens of meters big, >> that thing is still feeling the sun's gravity. So, it's going to follow in the same sort of path, but maybe a little bit ahead because it got shot towards the sun. >> Yep. Yep. Got it. Got it. >> And the solar radiation >> out there far away is not enough to

21:18quickly melt these chunks. Okay. So, it's sort of like the comet is here. You've got these chunks of of CO2 ahead and it and it's moving along the sun right now. As it gets close to the sun, >> there's going to be so much pressure, radiation pressure and ionization pressure that these chunks as soon as they get out of the comet, they're just going to immediately evaporate. And so, that's why we're seeing that loss. >> Yeah, that makes sense. Yeah. Yeah. >> Of the of the front-facing tail, >> right? Cuz the closer you get, the more the the the shorter the liespan of the stuff that's getting ejected >> at when it at distance we're seeing these large chunks break off, right? But

21:59they're in such large size and the pressure is not high enough yet that they maintain its structure. >> Yeah. And they just follow along, >> right? At this slightly, you know, again, because it's basically getting uh uh broken off from the front side. >> Yeah. as it's making its way over. But as you get so close, the heat the the radiation is so high that that the lifespan of that tail that is appearing in front doesn't basically is not doesn't have long enough time to exist before it >> evaporates into going from that sublimation process going from solid to liquid which if I recall correctly was also part of the original walkthrough we did about where the origins of this

22:40could have been where it could have been around a star that had this accumulation. Yes, exactly. >> And then then it broke up. So there in that first episode, it's interesting that same process was discussed well before even this keto loan paper came out. >> Yeah. And that was that was in how it formed it formed in the snow line in that ice line, right? Where the CO2 goes from gas to being able to freeze. So there's a there's a bunch of frozen stuff right at this ice line and maybe the comet formed there which is why there's so much CO2 compared to water >> and and which and that's it's basically the opposite process on the formation. Now we're seeing it >> now we're seeing it on.

23:21>> So if we if you go back and watch that episode it does a good job. We go into detail about the concept of sublimation and that formation process that actually kind of dovetales to what you just talked about quite nicely. >> Exactly. Yeah. So, so that's the that's sort of um the keto lobe hypothesis, right, for why we're seeing a tail sometimes and not other times. >> The the sunward extension. >> Yeah. >> Uh specifically, the thing that was weird. >> Yeah. Yeah. So, I wanted to highlight that um that paper cuz I thought that that was a quite interesting physical model. Y >> um that's out of Harvard astronomy. So, now let's get into some of the observations that have been happening. Yes. So the James W space telescope

24:03infrared chemical Frank fingerprinting. So this is in the um infrared range. The space telescope took that photo. The coma is highly dominated by emission that's coming from CO2 and H2O. And one can see that the mixing ratio between the CO2 and H2O is 7.6 >> which is way higher. >> Oh yeah. than the typical solar system comets, right? The typical solar system comets are at 0.1 to 0.2. 3 Atlas is all the way up there. >> So, yeah. So, we're looking at this this uh >> it's a plot. >> It's a plot. And then we we see basically that Atlas is well above

24:43>> the trend line, >> the trend line. Well, well above the trend line. >> There are a few that like the C 2016 R2. That's another comet that's local and that's even more above than 3 atlas. But these are exceptions. That's the point. Yes, >> these are very much exceptions. And the fact that, you know, we've had two interstellar visitors. One is typical, the other is crazy. Of course, like n equals 2 is a very small >> um sample size. But it begs the question, are most interstellar comets >> atypical? Right. Right. Right. Right. Right. >> It's kind of an interesting question because we don't know where they formed and how they formed around what stars they formed and things like that. The other thing that's kind of weird about three atlas is there's a lot of nickel and there's not a lot of iron. This is

25:26very strange because those two usually come side by side together. >> Okay. They're they're formed at the core of stars during explosions, things like that. And one can imagine that whenever they form in a dust cloud and and they're in summer environment, they have typically the same kind of elemental mass. So they're going to be forming together. It's not unprecedented. again. But it's definitely unusual that >> there's a lot of nickel. There's not a lot of iron. >> The ratio between these two is so >> Yeah. >> Uh the the delta is so large. >> Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. So, so that again there's another question mark there. How do you get a lot of nickel on a comet but no iron? >> So, so we the the one one of the questions is like the velocity question

26:08which goes to origin. One of the questions is the uh >> the sunward extension CO2 piece. Yeah. And and then and then this is now like the like a third question which is the um the composition itself just to try to like quickly summarize those those three key points that are quote in question. >> Yeah. >> Exactly. Um another really cool local view that we got I was telling you about the Mars fleet that we had. So the Maven um >> probe which is on Mars imaged atlas. We found a massive neutral hydrogen corona using the alignment alpha line which is one of the spectral lines of hydrogen that this maven instrument actually had access to. So

26:49from that we can actually derive a water production rate and there's a lot of water sublimation that's happening on that comet. Okay, which is kind of cool, but that's not really that unprecedented. Comets have a lot of water. It used to be thought actually that um and it still is thought that a lot of the earth's water >> came from >> came from comets because when earth was forming >> probably all the water just got evaporated and then comets came and deposited their water during the early bombardment of earth when it was forming and one can actually look at the isotopic >> ratios of different isotopes in water in comets and in the ocean and they're the same. Mh.

27:30>> So that suggests that there is a link. >> Mhm. >> Um the the the last piece from Mars that I want to highlight is the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter high-rise. This confirmed that there is a nuclear diameter which is probably less than 30 km. That's the limit of the high resolution imager. I mean we've had tighter constraints before actually. Um I saw a interview of Avi Lo on like NBC where he was just like this this like there's nothing new here. Like the data kind of sucks. like it's like, you know, I mean, give them a break that they were supposed to they were supposed to image Mars with this thing. They didn't know that they were going to have like a comet on their hand that's like a

28:10astronomical unit away. But I just thought it was funny cuz like everybody's like really excited about this data. But because the orbiters around Mars are built for Mars, right, as as like, you know, within hundreds of kilometers to thousands of kilometers, now you're asking them to image something that's 30 million km away, that's much smaller than Mars. They're not going to have a good time. This I think this this is this was this is an important sort of side note because this I think this has been the one thing that um a lot of people have been like leaning on which is like we spend billions of dollars and like you know why is it that you know we can't um capture imagery that is you know

28:51equivalent to like this and they just bring up an example of something else >> and I think for the Mars spec for the Mars uh orbiters specifically >> you know it would be like asking you to take a picture of someone holding a penny on the Empire State Building from Los Angeles with your iPhone, you know, and it's like it's not built for that. >> It's not built for that. Yeah. >> You know, maybe you could use a specialized tool to do so, but that just wasn't what was up there at the time. >> Yeah. Exactly. Like wildlife photographers use giant telephoto lenses >> to get to get those shots. >> They they spend thousands of dollars on that. That they don't just all go up with an iPhone. >> I as someone who's had to take photos of my little brother at sports games and uh having video lenses, not a telephoto lens, uh Yeah.

29:32>> Yeah. Yeah. There's a reason why the lens matters and like it's it's a hardware problem at some point, right? Um the other really cool way of monitoring this thing was with something called stereo A, which is solar conjunction monitoring. This is a really cool set of satellites we have on two sides of Earth's orbit. >> Mhm. >> That monitor the sun all the time because the Earth only sees the side of the sun that it's seeing. >> Right. >> Right. >> Right. What we'd like to do is see all of the sun all the time. So what they do is as the Earth is revolving around the sun, they have two satellites that share

30:13Earth's orbit but are on 180° away from each other. So they're imaging the sun from two different sides. >> One is leading the Earth, the other is trailing behind us. >> And so with this, >> we can actually track 3 Atlas as it goes behind the sun, >> right? because when it was coming towards Earth, it actually went behind the sun and we could no longer see it. Well, with these two satellites, we can we can track it. >> And we were tracking it and the object kept its structural integrity. >> Okay, >> again, this thing is built for imaging the sun, not comets, but at least it could see that, okay, this thing still exists on the other side. >> It didn't like totally disintegrate like some comets sometimes do.

30:53>> Yep. Yep. Um and then finally I want to mention that ISRO the Indian Space Research Organization um did some observations with the 1.2 meter Mount Abu Infrared Observatory. I have actually been to that observatory because my dad used to work there. It was >> Yeah, that's that's me when I was probably like 9 or 10 years old. Um taking a photo with that >> 1.2 m telescope. >> Yes. Yes. So um that was pretty cool that I saw that you know one of these observatories that my dad did a lot of research at um back when we were in India um did some things. They've got a really nice spectrometer there. So they found some key molecules in that

31:33spectrum. They found the swan bands which are C2 and C3 that's two carbons and three carbons and they also found cyanogen which is carbon and nitrogen. Like those bonds have very specific spectra and from that spectrum we can actually find that okay these these molecules do exist and it sort of refutes any lingering claims that there's some like inert or artificial composition because again comets are very typically have these kinds of carbon spectral lines. >> Mhm. So, that's sort of where we're at in terms of 3II Atlas, the the current data, all of the current observations. Not all of them. I mean, we we still keep doing a

32:14bunch. There's a lot of actually um amateur astronomers that are taking really great photos of this thing. Yep. >> Which um which I find really awesome. >> Yep. >> It's it's a weird comet for sure. probably came from a metalrich star system. That's why it's got a bunch of nickel. The fact that it doesn't have a lot of iron is kind of weird. Um, but there's a lot of there's a lot of stuff that we can do with it, right? I'm really excited for the Vera Rubin Observatory that's going to come online. I'm also really excited for an ESA mission called the Comet Interceptor. It's >> it's this new type of mission where it's scheduled for 2029. It's gonna

32:55it's designed for high-speed flybys. >> Okay. And this thing is the highest speed possible. Right. >> So now we've got sort of a parameter space on how high we think flybys can should should be capable of. >> Right. Right. Right. Right. Because because we have a real world data point now atlas of knowing like okay we we are going to see objects that are moving this quickly. >> Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. And and so now we need to meet those expectations of okay, we found this thing in July or in uh yeah, in July we found it. We've got like a few months to scramble the fighter jets, to scramble the the rockets and get this thing going. That's the capability that we need in order to really like study these things really up close. >> Yep. >> So So now we have some data points to

33:38actually, you know, give us that ballpark estimate. >> Yeah. And it basically gives like a sort of a mission orientation. >> Yes. >> Uh for the like you know >> what how how fast do we need to set up a rapid response. >> Yeah. >> Uh and what are the sort of implement like what are the keys to implementation in order to be able to accomplish it and do so. >> Yeah. >> Um but and I cannot wait for I keep thinking about how with Vera Rubin uh the number of these interstellar objects is gonna just uh balloon and explode. it if if they if they are there to be dis if they are there to be discovered it will be discovered >> it will be discovered by the Vera Rubin

34:19>> 100% um the Vera Rubin would have discovered this thing >> right >> had it gone online 3 weeks earlier >> which is so crazy >> right >> it's so crazy and would the the the quality of that data would have been >> fantastic you know again this being a tool that is built for that type of observation >> in contrast to the Mars orbiters which just happened to be closer in proximity >> and also able to see it at a time where we were on the other side of the sun. >> Uh so very women would have been would not have been helpful during that window of time. Yeah, definitely not. Just that window of time. >> Um >> fascinating. So we still >> jury is still out on origins. >> Yep.

35:00>> Uh locationally like where it is coming from. >> Yeah. >> We have >> and thus jury is still out on age >> because location is tied to age. So, we still don't know like where and how old. >> Yeah. >> Um, we have an an interesting explanation for the Sunword extension. >> Mhm. >> But that still is being developed. >> Yeah. >> Um, it's >> again that's on archive that's not been um peer-reviewed and published. >> Right. Right. Um, and we, you know, >> uh, don't quite have the explanation for the nickel iron ratio. >> No. >> So, these are still open questions. Yeah. >> Um, which is fair and understandable and it's interesting to see the >> I mean this thing's a few months old.

35:42>> Right now we're still in the capture all the data you can. It's going to it's in December it's going to be close to Jupiter, >> right? >> So that'll be interesting. We have some probes there that perhaps can go um you know orient and and take a look. >> I don't know what the plans are there. I think what's what is interesting is it's you know there hasn't it hasn't been clear or we haven't had a lot of these so we we've never had the opportunity to say hey we have all these instruments in our solar system now >> which we didn't have before. No >> we have a ton of stuff that's just out there >> and when there is a these these ephemeral events these events that happen you know >> in in a moment in time >> where are these tools going to be used

36:23to capture this data or not? And this is like proof positive that like everyone understands the import and the unique opportunity and chose to do so. So, >> uh, another update on the Atlas. I'm sure we'll do another one once it's all gone. >> Once it's all gone and everyone's really doing that deep diving. >> Yeah. Or once it once it um puts probes in Jupiter. >> Yeah. [laughter] Right. Right. Apparently, we'll know in a month. >> Uh, December 19th. It's still not done yet. So, we're waiting for uh >> quote [clears throat] unquote whatever. December 19th. Um, that was our story