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1:28into the James Webb Space Telescope in an astrophysics story uh that was a research paper published in Nature about the little red dots as young super massive black holes in densed ionized cocoons. This is a paper out of the University of Manchester, University of Copenhagen, and the Cosmic Dawn Center. And it's a nature study that reveals that these young super massive black holes are hiding in dense cosmic cocoons that we were able to sort of get more insight from because of this highfidelity highquality JWST uh ST spectra. So what's this story all about?
2:09>> Yeah. So I don't know if you remember but back in July 2022 JWST came online. I was traveling in Europe and it was a whole frenzy. And within two weeks of when the data was released, we had headlines like this from the scientific American that said the first glimpses of early galaxies could break cosmology. You know, JWST was seeing universe breakers. And it was like all of astrophysics was, you know, oh my god, what's going to happen? What's going to happen? And what it was all about was there were these spots of red light everywhere at really high red shifts. And if they're really far away, that means that they're really old, but that
2:50also means that they're very young for the universe. Right? Because the universe was only less than a billion years old. And we were seeing galaxies. And in order to make galaxies, you need a lot of time, right? Right. And so even there was like creation creationists that were like going gang busters saying that oh this is proof of um God created the universe and all of that stuff. So the focus of our study is something called little red dots and that is the technical term. >> Is it really? >> It is. It is literally the technical term. These are little red dots in the JWST deep field surveys and they're at a really high red shift which means they're very young in terms of when the
3:32universe was born. So this is you know about a billion years less than a billion years after the big bang. And the problem is they're really compact. And the debate is if these are star-filled galaxies, the galaxy sees the galaxies shouldn't have had enough time to become galaxies, right? >> Okay? Because it takes time to form stars and then from those stars to a mass and become a clustered gravitationally attracted object like a galaxy. And and this idea is based off of our current like cosmological models of how the early universe the mechanics and the dynamics of the early universe. >> Yes. Yes. Based on how much we know dark
4:12matter is there, how much we know dark energy is there. In the beginning there was not a lot of dark energy because the universe was small and dark energy scales with how big the universe is. So in the beginning there was really just a lot of dark energy. Sorry. There was a lot of dark matter and a lot of normal matter, >> but more dark matter than normal matter.