From ideal gas to diatomic molecules with vibration/rotation

12:59ways in which they interact themselves and with each other >> and with the object >> and with the object start mattering >> because there's there's there's more complexity now at when we're starting to get into above Mach 5 >> above Mach 5 because the energy scales correspond now the kinetic energy that you're putting into the air is now at the same regime as the energy of this and the energy of this. Yes. Yes. You see that's physics is always about energy scales. It's like what energy scale am I operating in? Right now >> the energy in the room is at what maybe 20° C, right? So 270° Kelvin

13:42>> at that scale the vibrational modes aren't doing much. So you can you can you can just use PV equals NRT and be like this is an ideal gas. It's fine. >> When you get to higher temperatures, higher kinetic energies, that's when that's when the molecules start doing this. Yep. >> Right. And then you got to start caring >> because there's emergent properties of the particles doing this. >> Yeah. >> That matter in the overall equation of what is happening on >> exactly at a low at a low velocity when I'm just like moving my hand around the molecules are just getting out of the way. >> But if I start moving my hand around at hypersonic speeds the the speed at which the the the energy that I'm imparting on these molecules is now making them go like this. I mean this is the whole idea

14:24of the point that you can't just go infinitely fast because at some point you start the surface of your materials starts >> yeah it'll start melting melting because yeah like if I go infinite if I go really really fast I'm going to start imparting energy on these materials those materials will start imparting the energy back into the surface the metal that I have right and then maybe that energy is enough to start melting the metallic stuff volume of that energy. >> Exactly. >> Is getting so high that it is not just and there's reasons why this makes a lot of sense, but >> Yeah. Yeah. I mean, you you you might have read about this with like, you

15:04know, a lot of your UAP research. >> I mean, it's it's this idea. It's why it's why these all of these like advanced aerospace platforms when you talk about, you know, the the M22, the M35s, sorry, F F-32, F22, F25,35s, like all the the B-52s, like all these super advanced platforms. Material science is actually one of the most important aspects of these platforms because we're trying to have them operate both at altitudes and at speeds and with levels of maneuverability that are pushing these limits >> like physical limits of like the stuff that it's in even >> and and the understanding of

15:44hypersonics. The reason why hypersonics is still the realm of massive global power nation states is because it's very